diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
index e25b15a755..501dc0169d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ digraph stream_out_async_state_machine {
     STANDBY -> PAUSED [label="burst"];                // producer -> active
     IDLE -> STANDBY [label="standby"];                // consumer -> passive
     IDLE -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];             // producer -> active
+    IDLE -> ACTIVE [label="burst"];                   // full write
     ACTIVE -> PAUSED [label="pause"];                 // consumer -> passive (not consuming)
     ACTIVE -> DRAINING [label="drain"];               // producer -> passive
     ACTIVE -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];           // early unblocking
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ digraph stream_out_async_state_machine {
     PAUSED -> IDLE [label="flush"];                   // producer -> passive, buffer is cleared
     DRAINING -> IDLE [label="←IStreamCallback.onDrainReady"];
     DRAINING -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];         // producer -> active
+    DRAINING -> ACTIVE [label="burst"];               // full write
     DRAINING -> DRAIN_PAUSED [label="pause"];         // consumer -> passive (not consuming)
     DRAIN_PAUSED -> DRAINING [label="start"];         // consumer -> active
     DRAIN_PAUSED -> TRANSFER_PAUSED [label="burst"];  // producer -> active
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp
index 8da475e4a2..b67676488f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <condition_variable>
+#include <forward_list>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -504,10 +505,48 @@ std::string toString(StreamEventReceiver::Event event) {
     return std::to_string(static_cast<int32_t>(event));
 }
 
+// Note: we use a reference wrapper, not a pointer, because methods of std::*list
+// return references to inserted elements. This way, we can put a returned reference
+// into the children vector without any type conversions, and this makes DAG creation
+// code more clear.
+template <typename T>
+struct DagNode : public std::pair<T, std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<DagNode<T>>>> {
+    using Children = std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<DagNode>>;
+    DagNode(const T& t, const Children& c) : std::pair<T, Children>(t, c) {}
+    DagNode(T&& t, Children&& c) : std::pair<T, Children>(std::move(t), std::move(c)) {}
+    const T& datum() const { return this->first; }
+    Children& children() { return this->second; }
+    const Children& children() const { return this->second; }
+};
+// Since DagNodes do contain references to next nodes, node links provided
+// by the list are not used. Thus, the order of the nodes in the list is not
+// important, except that the starting node must be at the front of the list,
+// which means, it must always be added last.
+template <typename T>
+struct Dag : public std::forward_list<DagNode<T>> {
+    Dag() = default;
+    // We prohibit copying and moving Dag instances because implementing that
+    // is not trivial due to references between nodes.
+    Dag(const Dag&) = delete;
+    Dag(Dag&&) = delete;
+    Dag& operator=(const Dag&) = delete;
+    Dag& operator=(Dag&&) = delete;
+};
+
 // Transition to the next state happens either due to a command from the client,
 // or after an event received from the server.
 using TransitionTrigger = std::variant<StreamDescriptor::Command, StreamEventReceiver::Event>;
-using StateTransition = std::pair<TransitionTrigger, StreamDescriptor::State>;
+std::string toString(const TransitionTrigger& trigger) {
+    if (std::holds_alternative<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger)) {
+        return std::string("'")
+                .append(toString(std::get<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger).getTag()))
+                .append("' command");
+    }
+    return std::string("'")
+            .append(toString(std::get<StreamEventReceiver::Event>(trigger)))
+            .append("' event");
+}
+
 struct StateSequence {
     virtual ~StateSequence() = default;
     virtual void rewind() = 0;
@@ -517,6 +556,10 @@ struct StateSequence {
     virtual void advance(StreamDescriptor::State state) = 0;
 };
 
+// Defines the current state and the trigger to transfer to the next one,
+// thus "state" is the "from" state.
+using StateTransitionFrom = std::pair<StreamDescriptor::State, TransitionTrigger>;
+
 static const StreamDescriptor::Command kGetStatusCommand =
         StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::getStatus>(Void{});
 static const StreamDescriptor::Command kStartCommand =
@@ -542,66 +585,65 @@ static const StreamEventReceiver::Event kTransferReadyEvent =
         StreamEventReceiver::Event::TransferReady;
 static const StreamEventReceiver::Event kDrainReadyEvent = StreamEventReceiver::Event::DrainReady;
 
-// Handle possible bifurcations:
-//   - on burst and on start: 'TRANSFERRING' -> {'ACTIVE', 'TRANSFERRING'}
-//   - on pause: 'TRANSFER_PAUSED' -> {'PAUSED', 'TRANSFER_PAUSED'}
-// It is assumed that the 'steps' provided on the construction contain the sequence
-// for the async case, which gets corrected in the case when the HAL decided to do
-// a synchronous transfer.
-class SmartStateSequence : public StateSequence {
+struct StateDag : public Dag<StateTransitionFrom> {
+    using Node = StateDag::reference;
+    using NextStates = StateDag::value_type::Children;
+
+    template <typename... Next>
+    Node makeNode(StreamDescriptor::State s, TransitionTrigger t, Next&&... next) {
+        return emplace_front(std::make_pair(s, t), NextStates{std::forward<Next>(next)...});
+    }
+    Node makeNodes(const std::vector<StateTransitionFrom>& v, Node last) {
+        auto helper = [&](auto i, auto&& h) -> Node {
+            if (i == v.end()) return last;
+            return makeNode(i->first, i->second, h(++i, h));
+        };
+        return helper(v.begin(), helper);
+    }
+    Node makeNodes(const std::vector<StateTransitionFrom>& v, StreamDescriptor::State f) {
+        return makeNodes(v, makeFinalNode(f));
+    }
+    Node makeFinalNode(StreamDescriptor::State s) {
+        // The actual command used here is irrelevant. Since it's the final node
+        // in the test sequence, no commands sent after reaching it.
+        return emplace_front(std::make_pair(s, kGetStatusCommand), NextStates{});
+    }
+};
+
+class StateSequenceFollower : public StateSequence {
   public:
-    explicit SmartStateSequence(const std::vector<StateTransition>& steps) : mSteps(steps) {}
-    explicit SmartStateSequence(std::vector<StateTransition>&& steps) : mSteps(std::move(steps)) {}
-    void rewind() override { mCurrentStep = 0; }
-    bool done() const override { return mCurrentStep >= mSteps.size(); }
-    TransitionTrigger getTrigger() override { return mSteps[mCurrentStep].first; }
+    explicit StateSequenceFollower(std::unique_ptr<StateDag> steps)
+        : mSteps(std::move(steps)), mCurrent(mSteps->front()) {}
+    void rewind() override { mCurrent = mSteps->front(); }
+    bool done() const override { return current().children().empty(); }
+    TransitionTrigger getTrigger() override { return current().datum().second; }
     std::set<StreamDescriptor::State> getExpectedStates() override {
-        std::set<StreamDescriptor::State> result = {getState()};
-        if (isBurstBifurcation() || isStartBifurcation()) {
-            result.insert(StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE);
-        } else if (isPauseBifurcation()) {
-            result.insert(StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED);
-        }
+        std::set<StreamDescriptor::State> result;
+        std::transform(current().children().cbegin(), current().children().cend(),
+                       std::inserter(result, result.begin()),
+                       [](const auto& node) { return node.get().datum().first; });
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": " << ::android::internal::ToString(result);
         return result;
     }
     void advance(StreamDescriptor::State state) override {
-        if (isBurstBifurcation() && state == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE &&
-            mCurrentStep + 1 < mSteps.size() &&
-            mSteps[mCurrentStep + 1].first == TransitionTrigger{kTransferReadyEvent}) {
-            mCurrentStep++;
+        if (auto it = std::find_if(
+                    current().children().cbegin(), current().children().cend(),
+                    [&](const auto& node) { return node.get().datum().first == state; });
+            it != current().children().cend()) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": " << toString(mCurrent.get().datum().first) << " -> "
+                       << toString(it->get().datum().first);
+            mCurrent = *it;
+        } else {
+            LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": state " << toString(state) << " is unexpected";
         }
-        mCurrentStep++;
     }
 
   private:
-    StreamDescriptor::State getState() const { return mSteps[mCurrentStep].second; }
-    bool isBurstBifurcation() {
-        return getTrigger() == TransitionTrigger{kBurstCommand} &&
-               getState() == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING;
-    }
-    bool isPauseBifurcation() {
-        return getTrigger() == TransitionTrigger{kPauseCommand} &&
-               getState() == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED;
-    }
-    bool isStartBifurcation() {
-        return getTrigger() == TransitionTrigger{kStartCommand} &&
-               getState() == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING;
-    }
-    const std::vector<StateTransition> mSteps;
-    size_t mCurrentStep = 0;
+    StateDag::const_reference current() const { return mCurrent.get(); }
+    std::unique_ptr<StateDag> mSteps;
+    std::reference_wrapper<StateDag::value_type> mCurrent;
 };
 
-std::string toString(const TransitionTrigger& trigger) {
-    if (std::holds_alternative<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger)) {
-        return std::string("'")
-                .append(toString(std::get<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger).getTag()))
-                .append("' command");
-    }
-    return std::string("'")
-            .append(toString(std::get<StreamEventReceiver::Event>(trigger)))
-            .append("' event");
-}
-
 struct StreamLogicDriver {
     virtual ~StreamLogicDriver() = default;
     // Return 'true' to stop the worker.
@@ -3219,38 +3261,52 @@ static const int kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs = 3000;
 
 // TODO: Add async test cases for input once it is implemented.
 
-std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeBurstCommands(bool isSync, size_t burstCount) {
-    const auto burst =
-            isSync ? std::vector<StateTransition>{std::make_pair(kBurstCommand,
-                                                                 StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)}
-                   : std::vector<StateTransition>{
-                             std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-                             std::make_pair(kTransferReadyEvent, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)};
-    std::vector<StateTransition> result{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)};
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < burstCount; ++i) {
-        result.insert(result.end(), burst.begin(), burst.end());
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeBurstCommands(bool isSync) {
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    StateDag::Node last = d->makeFinalNode(State::ACTIVE);
+    StateDag::Node active = d->makeNode(State::ACTIVE, kBurstCommand, last);
+    StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNode(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand, active);
+    if (!isSync) {
+        // Allow optional routing via the TRANSFERRING state on bursts.
+        active.children().push_back(d->makeNode(State::TRANSFERRING, kTransferReadyEvent, last));
+        idle.children().push_back(d->makeNode(State::TRANSFERRING, kTransferReadyEvent, active));
     }
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(result);
+    d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kReadSeq =
-        std::make_tuple(std::string("Read"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeBurstCommands(true, 3));
-static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
-        std::string("Write"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeBurstCommands(true, 3));
-static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteAsyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
-        std::string("Write"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeBurstCommands(false, 3));
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Read"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeBurstCommands(true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteSyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Write"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeBurstCommands(true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Write"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeBurstCommands(false));
 
 std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeAsyncDrainCommands(bool isInput) {
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-            std::make_pair(isInput ? kDrainInCommand : kDrainOutAllCommand,
-                           StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-            isInput ? std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)
-                    : std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-            std::make_pair(isInput ? kDrainInCommand : kDrainOutAllCommand,
-                           StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING)});
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    if (isInput) {
+        d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kDrainInCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::DRAINING, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kDrainInCommand)},
+                     State::DRAINING);
+    } else {
+        StateDag::Node draining =
+                d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::DRAINING, kBurstCommand),
+                              std::make_pair(State::TRANSFERRING, kDrainOutAllCommand)},
+                             State::DRAINING);
+        StateDag::Node idle =
+                d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                              std::make_pair(State::TRANSFERRING, kDrainOutAllCommand)},
+                             draining);
+        // If we get straight into ACTIVE on burst, no further testing is possible.
+        draining.children().push_back(d->makeFinalNode(State::ACTIVE));
+        idle.children().push_back(d->makeFinalNode(State::ACTIVE));
+        d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    }
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteDrainAsyncSeq =
         std::make_tuple(std::string("WriteDrain"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
@@ -3259,58 +3315,86 @@ static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainInSeq = std::make_tuple(
         std::string("Drain"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeAsyncDrainCommands(true));
 
 std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainOutCommands(bool isSync) {
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-            std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-            std::make_pair(isSync ? TransitionTrigger(kGetStatusCommand)
-                                  : TransitionTrigger(kDrainReadyEvent),
-                           StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    StateDag::Node active = d->makeNodes(
+            {std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kDrainOutAllCommand),
+             std::make_pair(State::DRAINING, isSync ? TransitionTrigger(kGetStatusCommand)
+                                                    : TransitionTrigger(kDrainReadyEvent))},
+            State::IDLE);
+    StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNode(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand, active);
+    if (!isSync) {
+        idle.children().push_back(d->makeNode(State::TRANSFERRING, kTransferReadyEvent, active));
+    }
+    d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainOutSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
         std::string("Drain"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeDrainOutCommands(true));
 static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainOutAsyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
         std::string("Drain"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeDrainOutCommands(false));
 
-std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainOutPauseCommands(bool isSync) {
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isSync ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-            std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isSync ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
-                                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED)});
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainPauseOutCommands(bool isSync) {
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    StateDag::Node draining = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::DRAINING, kPauseCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::DRAIN_PAUSED, kStartCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::DRAINING, kPauseCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::DRAIN_PAUSED, kBurstCommand)},
+                                           isSync ? State::PAUSED : State::TRANSFER_PAUSED);
+    StateDag::Node active = d->makeNode(State::ACTIVE, kDrainOutAllCommand, draining);
+    StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNode(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand, active);
+    if (!isSync) {
+        idle.children().push_back(d->makeNode(State::TRANSFERRING, kDrainOutAllCommand, draining));
+    }
+    d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseOutSyncSeq =
         std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
-                        StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeDrainOutPauseCommands(true));
+                        StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeDrainPauseOutCommands(true));
 static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseOutAsyncSeq =
         std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
-                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeDrainOutPauseCommands(false));
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeDrainPauseOutCommands(false));
 
 // This sequence also verifies that the capture / presentation position is not reset on standby.
 std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeStandbyCommands(bool isInput, bool isSync) {
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kStandbyCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY),
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput || isSync
-                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, isInput || isSync
-                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
-            std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, isInput ? StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(isInput ? kGetStatusCommand : kStandbyCommand,  // no-op for input
-                           StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY),
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput || isSync
-                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING)});
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    if (isInput) {
+        d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kStandbyCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kFlushCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand)},
+                     State::ACTIVE);
+    } else {
+        StateDag::Node idle3 =
+                d->makeNode(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand, d->makeFinalNode(State::ACTIVE));
+        StateDag::Node idle2 = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kStandbyCommand),
+                                             std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand)},
+                                            idle3);
+        StateDag::Node active = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                                              std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                                             idle2);
+        StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNode(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand, active);
+        if (!isSync) {
+            idle3.children().push_back(d->makeFinalNode(State::TRANSFERRING));
+            StateDag::Node transferring =
+                    d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::TRANSFERRING, kPauseCommand),
+                                  std::make_pair(State::TRANSFER_PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                                 idle2);
+            idle.children().push_back(transferring);
+        }
+        d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kStandbyCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand)},
+                     idle);
+    }
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kStandbyInSeq = std::make_tuple(
         std::string("Standby"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeStandbyCommands(true, false));
@@ -3320,50 +3404,71 @@ static const NamedCommandSequence kStandbyOutAsyncSeq =
         std::make_tuple(std::string("Standby"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
                         StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeStandbyCommands(false, false));
 
-static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseInSeq =
-        std::make_tuple(std::string("Pause"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY,
-                        std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                                std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY)}));
-static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutSyncSeq =
-        std::make_tuple(std::string("Pause"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC,
-                        std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED)}));
-/* TODO: Figure out a better way for testing sync/async bursts
-static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutAsyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
-        std::string("Pause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC,
-        std::make_shared<StaticStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
-                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
-                std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
-                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED)}));
-*/
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makePauseCommands(bool isInput, bool isSync) {
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    if (isInput) {
+        d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kBurstCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                     State::STANDBY);
+    } else {
+        StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kStartCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kBurstCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kStartCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand)},
+                                           State::PAUSED);
+        if (!isSync) {
+            idle.children().push_back(
+                    d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::TRANSFERRING, kPauseCommand),
+                                  std::make_pair(State::TRANSFER_PAUSED, kStartCommand),
+                                  std::make_pair(State::TRANSFERRING, kPauseCommand),
+                                  std::make_pair(State::TRANSFER_PAUSED, kDrainOutAllCommand),
+                                  std::make_pair(State::DRAIN_PAUSED, kBurstCommand)},
+                                 State::TRANSFER_PAUSED));
+        }
+        d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    }
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseInSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Pause"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makePauseCommands(true, false));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Pause"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makePauseCommands(false, true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Pause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makePauseCommands(false, false));
 
 std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeFlushCommands(bool isInput, bool isSync) {
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput || isSync
-                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, isInput || isSync
-                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
-            std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, isInput ? StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY
-                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    if (isInput) {
+        d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                      std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                     State::STANDBY);
+    } else {
+        StateDag::Node last = d->makeFinalNode(State::IDLE);
+        StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kPauseCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                                           last);
+        if (!isSync) {
+            idle.children().push_back(
+                    d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::TRANSFERRING, kPauseCommand),
+                                  std::make_pair(State::TRANSFER_PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                                 last));
+        }
+        d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    }
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushInSeq = std::make_tuple(
         std::string("Flush"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeFlushCommands(true, false));
@@ -3374,13 +3479,19 @@ static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushOutAsyncSeq =
                         StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeFlushCommands(false, false));
 
 std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainPauseFlushOutCommands(bool isSync) {
-    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
-            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isSync ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
-            std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
-            std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+    using State = StreamDescriptor::State;
+    auto d = std::make_unique<StateDag>();
+    StateDag::Node draining = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::DRAINING, kPauseCommand),
+                                            std::make_pair(State::DRAIN_PAUSED, kFlushCommand)},
+                                           State::IDLE);
+    StateDag::Node idle = d->makeNodes({std::make_pair(State::IDLE, kBurstCommand),
+                                        std::make_pair(State::ACTIVE, kDrainOutAllCommand)},
+                                       draining);
+    if (!isSync) {
+        idle.children().push_back(d->makeNode(State::TRANSFERRING, kDrainOutAllCommand, draining));
+    }
+    d->makeNode(State::STANDBY, kStartCommand, idle);
+    return std::make_shared<StateSequenceFollower>(std::move(d));
 }
 static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseFlushOutSyncSeq =
         std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPauseFlush"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,